Multiple Myeloma Complications

A person living with myeloma needs support to reduce the physical and emotional impact of the diagnosis and to promote living well with this illness. The IMF encourages a parallel approach — treating myeloma and managing side effects. Early use of supportive care measures is just as important as receiving treatment. This section covers care guidelines for managing multiple myeloma complications and side effects from treatment. 

Complications From Multiple Myeloma

Myeloma cells in excess numbers can cause: 

Bone Problems

Myeloma weakens your bones by disrupting the normal repair process, which can lead to pain, fractures, and high calcium levels in your blood. You may experience broken bones, especially in your spine, ribs, or hips. Bone-strengthening medications, physical therapy, and careful movement can help you reduce your risk and manage pain.

Renal Dysfunction

The abnormal proteins produced by myeloma cells can strain your kidneys, potentially leading to kidney damage or even kidney failure. To protect your kidney health, it's essential to stay hydrated, have your kidney function regularly monitored, and manage your calcium levels.

Anemia and Blood Issues

Myeloma can interfere with your body's ability to produce healthy blood cells, resulting in anemia — low red blood cell count — fatigue, and thickened blood. This can cause problems with blood circulation and leave you feeling tired and weak. Regular blood tests, medications, and dietary adjustments can help you manage these symptoms and improve your energy levels.

Infections

Because myeloma weakens your immune system, you're more vulnerable to infections like pneumonia and urinary tract infections. Taking preventive measures such as getting vaccinated, practicing good hygiene, and seeking prompt medical attention for any symptoms can help you reduce your risk and stay healthy.

Side Effects of Multiple Myeloma Treatment

Treatment for myeloma can cause the following side effects: 

Bone Marrow Suppression

Treatments like chemotherapy and stem cell transplants can affect your bone marrow function, leading to low white blood cell counts, which increases your risk of infection, and low platelets, which increases your risk of bleeding. Regular monitoring is crucial, and your doctor may prescribe medications to help manage these effects. Talk to your healthcare team about ways to boost your immune system and prevent infections.

Digestive Issues

You may experience nausea, diarrhea, or constipation as a result of some myeloma treatments. Staying hydrated is key. Try adjusting your diet, like eating bland foods for nausea and adding fiber for constipation, and talk to your doctor about prescribed medications that can provide relief. 

Nerve Damage

Certain myeloma treatments can affect your nerves, leading to tingling, numbness, or pain in your hands and feet — known as peripheral neuropathy. If you experience these symptoms, it's important to discuss them with your doctor. They may adjust your treatment plan or recommend pain management techniques to help you manage these symptoms and maintain your quality of life.

Blood Clots

Some myeloma treatments can increase your risk of blood clots. To lower your risk, stay active, drink plenty of water, and talk to your doctor about whether you need prescribed blood thinners. Be aware of the signs of a blood clot — pain, swelling, and redness — and seek immediate medical attention if you experience them.

Hormone Problems

Myeloma treatments can sometimes disrupt your hormone levels, leading to fatigue, weight changes, or mood shifts. If you notice these changes, talk to your healthcare team. They can assess your hormone levels and recommend medications or lifestyle adjustments to help you restore balance and feel your best. 

The Emotional Impact of Multiple Myeloma

A diagnosis of multiple myeloma (https://www.myeloma.org/multiple-myeloma/multiple-myeloma-diagnosis)is a life-changing event that can have an emotional impact, including: 

Depression and Anxiety

Coping with myeloma can be overwhelming. Feelings of anxiety or sadness are normal, but support from loved ones, counseling, or support groups (https://www.myeloma.org/support-groups) can provide comfort and guidance.

Grief and Loss

A myeloma diagnosis can bring a sense of loss — whether it's changes in physical health, daily routines, or future plans. Acknowledging these feelings and seeking support can be an important part of emotional healing.

Take Control of Your Myeloma Journey

A myeloma diagnosis doesn't mean you have to face these challenges alone. By working closely with your healthcare team, staying informed about your condition, and taking proactive steps to manage complications, you can make a significant difference in your journey. The International Myeloma Foundation (IMF) is here to help. We offer a wide range of resources (https://www.myeloma.org/publications-videos), education, and support programs (https://www.myeloma.org/support-groups) designed to empower patients and caregivers with the management of multiple myeloma.